VITU VYA KUZINGATIA WAKATI WA KUANDAA POWER OF ATTORNEY – Hati ya Nguvu ya Kisheria

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN PREPARING A POWER OF ATTORNEY – Legal Power of Attorney Instrument

制定授权委托书（Power of Attorney）时应考虑的事项——具有法律效力的授权文件

Power of Attorney ni hati inayompa mtu mwingine (mwakilishi) mamlaka ya kufanya au kuwakilisha masuala ya kisheria kwa niaba ya aliyempa mamlaka.

A Power of Attorney is a legal instrument that grants another person (the representative/attorney-in-fact) authority to perform acts or handle legal matters on behalf of the person who grants the authority.

授权委托书（Power of Attorney）是一份法律文件，授予另一人（代理人/受托代理人）权力，代表授权人处理事务或进行法律行为。

Kutokana na maana hii tunapata vitu vikuu viwili: 1. Wahusika – mtoa Power of Attorney na mpokea Power of Attorney, na 2. Hati hiyo ya nguvu ya kisheria. Katika uandaaji wa hati hii ya nguvu ya kisheria kuna vitu kadha wa kadha vya kuzingatia. Ili iwe na ufanisi na kuepuka matatizo ya kisheria, ni muhimu kuzingatia mambo yafuatayo wakati wa kuandaa:

From this definition, we identify two main components: 1. The parties – the grantor of the Power of Attorney and the recipient/attorney-in-fact, and 2. The legal instrument itself. In preparing this legal instrument, several matters must be considered. To ensure its effectiveness and avoid legal complications, the following matters should be carefully considered:

根据上述定义，可以确定两个主要组成部分：1. 当事人——授权人和被授权人/代理人；以及 2. 授权委托书本身。 在制定这份具有法律效力的授权文件时，需要考虑若干重要事项。为了确保其有效性并避免法律纠纷，应在制定过程中认真考虑以下事项：

1. UTAMBULISHO WA WATOA NA WAKILI

Taja majina kamili, namba ya kitambulisho (NIDA/Passport), anwani na maelezo mengine ya mawasiliano ya mtoa mamlaka na mwakilishi. Hakikisha hati inamtaja vizuri mtu anayepatiwa mamlaka.

State the full names, identification number (NIDA/Passport), address, and other contact details of the grantor and the representative. Ensure that the instrument clearly and correctly identifies the person to whom the authority is granted.

应载明授权人和代理人的全名、身份证明号码（NIDA/护照）、地址以及其他联系方式。应确保授权文件准确、清楚地载明被授予权力的人。

2. UPEO WA MAMLAKA

Eleza kwa uwazi ni kwa ajili ya shughuli zipi mamlaka inatolewa (mfano: kuuza mali, kusaini mikataba, kufungua akaunti, n.k.). Epuka maneno yasiyoeleweka au ya jumla sana.

Clearly specify the activities or matters for which the authority is granted, for example, selling property, signing contracts, opening accounts, and so forth. Avoid vague, ambiguous, or excessively general wording.

应明确说明所授予的权力适用于哪些事项，例如出售财产、签署合同、开立账户等。应避免使用含糊、不明确或过于笼统的措辞。

3. UANGALIZI WA MUDA WA UWAKILISHI

Bainisha muda ambao hati itakuwa na nguvu (mfano: miezi, mwaka au hadi tukio fulani litokee). Unaweza pia kuipa nguvu isiyo na kikomo ikiwa ni lazima.

Specify the period during which the Power of Attorney will remain in force, for example, for a number of months, one year, or until a specified event occurs. Where necessary, it may also be granted without a specified time limit.

应明确规定授权委托书的有效期限，例如若干个月、一年，或持续有效至某一特定事件发生为止。在必要情况下，也可以不规定具体的期限。

4. AINA YA UWAKILI

Amua kama ni Power of Attorney ya kawaida (General) au maalum (Specific). Hili litaifanya kuweka mkazo kuhusu mamlaka halisi.

Determine whether the Power of Attorney is a General Power of Attorney or a Specific Power of Attorney. This helps to clearly define the exact authority granted to the representative.

应确定该授权委托书属于一般授权委托书（General Power of Attorney）还是特别授权委托书（Specific Power of Attorney）。这有助于明确界定授予代理人的具体权限。

5. SHERIA INAYOTUMIKA

Hakikisha hati inazingatia sheria za Tanzania, kanuni na taratibu husika. Ikiwa ni mali isiyohamishika, zingatia mahitaji ya usajili katika mamlaka husika (kama TRA, Ardhi, n.k.).

Ensure that the instrument complies with the laws of Tanzania, together with the applicable rules and procedures. Where the Power of Attorney concerns immovable property, comply with the registration requirements of the relevant authorities, such as the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) and land authorities.

应确保授权文件符合坦桑尼亚法律，以及相关的规则和程序。如果授权事项涉及不动产，还应遵守相关主管机关的登记要求，例如坦桑尼亚税务局（TRA）及土地主管机关的要求。

6. UTHIBITISHO NA USAJILI

Hati iwe imeandikwa kwa maandishi na kusainiwa na mtoa mamlaka. Inashauriwa kuthibitishwa na shahidi au Notary Public. Baadhi ya matukio yanahitaji usajili katika ofisi za umma (kama ardhi).

The Power of Attorney should be made in writing and signed by the grantor. It is advisable for the instrument to be witnessed or notarised by a Notary Public. In certain circumstances, registration with the relevant public offices may be required, such as land registration authorities.

授权委托书应以书面形式作成，并由授权人签署。建议由见证人见证，或由公证人（Notary Public）进行公证。在某些情况下，还可能需要向有关政府机关进行登记，例如土地登记机关。

7. VIZUIZI NA MASHARTI MAALUM

Weka masharti mahsusi (kama kutofanya uuzaji bila idhini, au kukagua mara kwa mara). Inaweza pia kubainisha haki ya kuondoa mamlaka kabla ya muda.

Include specific conditions or restrictions, such as prohibiting a sale without prior approval or requiring regular review. The instrument may also specify the right to revoke the authority before the expiry of the stated period.

应规定具体的条件或限制，例如未经事先批准不得出售财产，或要求定期审查授权事项。授权文件还可以规定授权人在期限届满前撤销授权的权利。

8. KUKABIDHIWA KWA WAKILI MWINGINE (NDIYO LAZIMA)

Usimpe mamlaka mtu ambaye hana uwezo au hujiamini naye. Fanya utafiti wa uaminifu, uwezo na uzoefu wa kifedha wa wakili.

Do not grant authority to a person who lacks the necessary capacity or in whom you have no confidence. Conduct appropriate due diligence regarding the representative's trustworthiness, competence, and financial experience.

不要将授权授予不具备必要能力或不值得信任的人。应对代理人的诚信、能力及财务处理经验进行适当的调查和了解。

MUHIMU KUMBUKA

✓ Power of Attorney si lazima iwe na muda maalum, lakini ni vyema kuweka muda.

✓ Usisahau kuweka maelezo sahihi na kamili.

✓ Hati yenye mapungufu au isiyokidhi sheria inaweza kuwa batili.

✓ Seek advice kutoka kwa mwanasheria kabla ya kuandaa hati.

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER:

✓ A Power of Attorney does not necessarily have to specify a fixed period, but it is advisable to state its duration.

✓ Do not forget to provide accurate and complete details.

✓ An instrument containing defects or failing to comply with the law may be rendered invalid.

✓ Seek legal advice from a lawyer before preparing the instrument.

重要提示：

✓ 授权委托书不一定必须规定固定期限，但建议明确其有效期限。

✓ 切勿遗漏准确、完整的相关资料。

✓ 存在法律缺陷或不符合法律要求的授权文件，可能被认定为无效。

✓ 在制定授权委托书之前，应寻求律师的法律意见。